Radial organization of thalamic projections to the neocortex in the mouse.

The intracortical distributions of the thalamic projections to a large number of neocortical fields are studied by the anterograde degeneration methods in the mouse. The basic radial distribution of terminating thalamofugal axons is uniform throughout the mouse cortex and is essentially the same as that encountered in other mammalian species. Terminating axons are concentrated in three tiers: an outer tier in layer I, a middle tier in layers IV and/or III, and an inner tier in layer VI. In most fields, terminating axons also extend, to some extent, into layer V. Variations are encountered from field to field, particularly in the density and degree of divergence of projections and in the radial extent of individual tiers with respect to cytoarchitectonic layers. In accord with other studies, the thalamic projections to each field appear to be composed of two general axon classes. Class I axons terminate densely in the middle tier, seem to be of large caliber, and often have collaterals to the other tiers. Class II axons do not terminate densely in the middle tier and seem to be of small caliber. Terminating class II axons may be distributed to one or more tiers and may be concentrated in the inner and/or outer tiers. The thalamic projection to each field has its origin in multiple nuclei. All thalamic nuclei projecting to the neocortex appear to have class II projections and many also have class I projections. Patterns of degeneration in the cortex associated with lesions in different positions in many nuclei suggest that thalamic relay neurons are organized along "lines of projection"--neurons in the same line projecting to the same tangentially restricted cortical region. The neurons of origin of class I and class II axons are intermixed along the lines of projection.