Electrical characteristics of snake distal tubules: studies of I-V relationships.

Distal tubules of Thamnophis spp. were perfused in vitro with Ringer solution containing either 16 or 150 mM Na and bathed with 150 mM Na Ringer. Current-voltage relationships were obtained by injecting pulses of constant current, Io, into the tubule lumen and recording changes in voltage, delta Vo, at the proximal end of the perfused tubule segment. The Io-Vo plots showed a distinct break at a voltage E1 (approximately 85 mV) that was greater than the open-circuit voltage, VToc, and similar to values of ENa, the transepithelial driving force for Na transport estimated by other methods. The resistance of the shunt pathway, Rs, was estimated from the values of the transepithelial resistance after luminal addition of 10(-5) M amiloride, which caused a rapid fall of the VToc to 0 mV with concurrent increases of the transepithelial resistance. These estimates of Rs were the same as the values of E1/I1 obtained from the Io-Vo plots. The VToc, RT, and Rs were independent of the bath [Na] and were not influenced by the addition of amiloride to the bath. As in frog skin and toad urinary bladder, the ENa and Rs of the snake distal tubule can be estimated from studies of their Io-Vo plots, and the E1 appears to be independent of the transepithelial chemical potential for Na.