The nucleus as the site of tRNA methylation.

Mouse L-cells were enucleated by exposure to cytochalasin B followed by centrifugation. The resulting karyoplasts, nuclei surrounded by a thin shell of cytoplasm and an outer cell membrane, and cytoplasts, the enucleated cell cytoplasm, were assayed for tRNA methyltransferase activity. The bulk of the enzyme activity was found to be localized in the nuclei. Analysis of the methylated nucleosides produced by the enzyme from the two sources showed that all the base-specific enzyme activities which are found in whole cell extracts were present in the nuclear extracts. The cytoplast extracts retained a low but detectable enzyme activity, which was composed predominantly of only two base-specific activities. This may represent tRNA methyltransferases of the mitochondria or may be cytoplasmic enzymes for late modification reactions.