Interaction of melittin with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes: evidence for boundary lipid by Raman spectroscopy.

The interaction of melittin, a polypeptide consisting of 26 amino acid residues, with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers was investigated by vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Spectral peak height intensity ratios, involving vibrational transitions in both the 3000 cm-1 acyl chain methylene carbon-hydrogen stretching mode region and the 1100 cm-1 acyl chain carbon-carbon skeletal stretching mode interval, served as temperature profile indices for monitoring the bilayer order-disorder processes. For a lipid : melittin molar ratio of 14 : 1 two order-disorder transitions were observed. In comparison to a gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of 22.5 degrees C for the pure lipid, the lower transition, exhibiting a 2 degree C width, is centered at 17 degrees C and is associated with a depression of the main lipid phase transition of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. The second thermal transition, displaying a 7 degree C interval, occurs at approx. 29 degrees C and is associated with the melting behavior of approximately seven immobilized boundary lipids which surround the inserted hydrophobic segment of the polypeptide. For a lipid : melittin molar ratio of 10 : 1 two thermal transitions are also observed at 11 and 30 degrees C. As before, they represent, respectively, the main gel to liquid crystalline phase transition and the melting behavior of approximately four boundary lipids attached to melittin. From these data alternative schemes are suggested for disposing the immobilized lipids around the hydrophobic portion of the polypeptide within the bilayer.