Hepatic transaminase activity in alocholic liver disease.

Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity were measured in precutaneous needle biopsy specimens of human liver tissue and compared with transaminase values in serum obtained on the day of biopsy. Hepatic GPT activity was significantly decreased in liver tissue of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis compared with the activity in individuals with normal livers (P less than 0.05) and individuals with primary biliary cirrhosis (P less than 0.05). The decreased hepatic GPT activity was not related to the presence of cirrhosis in biopsy specimens and was not increased by the addition of saturating amounts of pyridoxal phosphate to the assay mixture. Hepatic GOT was also slightly but significantly lowered in individuals with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.05). The GOT/GPT ratio in serum and liver tissue was increased only in individuals with alcoholic liver disease, but the increase did not reach statistical significance. The increased GOT/GPT ratio is due primarily to the low activity of GPT in liver and serum. The less than expected elevation of GPT in serum of patients with alcoholic hepatic reflects the diminished hepatic GPT activity and lesser amounts of this enzyme available to leak into serum from damaged hepatocytes.