Upper limb anomalies and renal disease.

Two brothers with upper limb and renal anomalies have been identified. Their upper limb abnormalities were characterized by absence and hypoplasia of various bones; their renal anomalies included crossed-fused ectopia and vesico-ureteral reflux. Both suffered from chronic kidney failure secondary to reflux nephropathy. An autosomal or sex-linked mode of inheritance seems likely.