Bilateral staghorn calculi--patient evaluation and management.

A total of 44 patients (17 men and 27 women) with simultaneous bilateral staghorn calculi underwent anatrophic nephrolithotomy with caliceal reconstruction. Excluding patients with urinary tract infection alone all but 3 had identifiable metabolic abnormalities that required treatment postoperatively. Based on numbers of kidneys operated upon the stone recurrence rate was 8.8 per cent for men and 7.4 per cent for women. No patient has required an operation for recurrent stone disease.