Pacemaker implantation through the internal jugular vein.

During a twelve-year experience with 1,808 patients 90 underwent permanent transvenous implantation through the ligated internal jugular vein. Ninety-two implants were performed. In 2 of the patients both internal jugular veins were used without complication. Out of the ninety-two implants there were three complications; one permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and two episodes of severe thrombophlebitis, which receded with nonoperative therapy. The internal jugular vein is a useful and safe route for permanent pacemaker implant.