High fundamental spatial frequencies and edges have different perceptual consequences in the 'group/end-to-end' movement phenomenon.

A subject viewing two alternating frames, each containing, say, three vertical stripes in a horizontal row, displaced laterally by one cycle in one frame with respect to the others, perceives either the three stripes moving left-right-left in unison (group movement) or one stripe moving from one end of the display to the other and the two overlapping stripes stationary (end-to-end movement). At suitable temporal parameters of presentation (frame duration, interstimulus interval) the perception of the display is bistable. Experiments have shown that the relative strengths of these alternative movement sensations depend upon the fundamental spatial frequency of the display and upon stimulus waveform. Square-wave stimuli, which have energy at high spatial frequencies, had effects opposite to those produced by increases in fundamental spatial frequency. Amblyopes differed from normal viewers only in the perception of the square-wave stimuli.