Anatomical and physiological localization of visual and infrared cell layers in tectum of pit vipers.

Visual and infrared cell layers were identified in the tectum of the pit vipers Crotalus viridis and Sistrurus melitus. Histologic reconstructions of 48 lesions utilizing the Prussian Blue technique were correlated with micrometer depth readings for 251 visual, infrared and bimodal single unit recordings. The visual cell layer extends caudally from approximately the level of the habenula to the rostral border of the posterior corpora quadrigemina. Neurons responding to visual stimulation are generally contained within zones 7b-13, i.e., the superficial 600--700 micrometer of the optic tectum (stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale and the superficial sublayer of stratum griesum centrale). The infrared cell group is found in layer 7 (a and b; stratum griseum centrale) throughout the optic tectum. Eighty percent of the infrared neurons are found within 500--1,200 micrometer of the surface. In layer 7b the visual and infrared cell groups are mixed; bimodal neurons that respond to a combination of visual and infrared input are located predominantly in this sublamina. The lamination pattern for visual and nonvisual cell groups in the rattlesnake tectum appears to more closely resemble the colubrid tectum and mammalian superior colliculus than the tecta of other reptiles.