Professional singers: the science and art of clinical care.

Voice complaints of serious singers are usually not imaginary, and rational diagnosis and treatment can be achieved through systematic inquiry and analysis based on anatomy, physiology, psychology and psychoacoustics of voice production. Good vocal habits should be encouraged from childhood. Measures to aid in voice conservation include avoiding singing in noisy, dry, dusty, and smoky environments and learning to control the voice in circumstances in which auditory monitoring of the intensity of vocalization cannot be done effectively. The dangers of cheerleading, choir-conducting, and other forms of abuse of the speaking voice for the serious singer are emphasized. Young singers should be enthusiastically encouraged to sing music suitable for their ages and voices, and should be discouraged from taking on difficult roles prematurely. Smoking must be avoided. Thorough training and regular practice are essential for maintenance of a healthy singing voice. Close cooperation among laryngologist, speech pathologist and voice teacher is emphasized. Treatments for reflux laryngitis, anxiety, muscle spasm, voice abuse, vocal nodules, and infectious laryngitis in the professional singer are detailed.