Prospective evaluation of physical examination of the breast.

The reliability of physical examination of the breast was evaluated by determining the extent of agreement among four experienced breast surgeons who examined the same 100 patients. The consequences of disagreements among surgeons were assessed by determining the diagnostic accuracy of each examiner. Despite differences in the frequency with which each surgeon found abnormalities or masses, or recommended mammography or biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy of the surgeons was very similar, and most disagreements concerned the findings in patients who did not have breast cancer. Breast examination carried out by more than one surgeon may reduce the frequency with which biopsy is performed in patients who do not have breast cancer.