Recent advances in cataract operations--phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and prolonged-wear soft contact lenses.

A standard cataract extraction involves removal of the entire cataractous lens through a 12- to 13-mm incision with the aid of a cryoprobe while phacoemulsification consists of removing the cataract through a 3-mm incision by breaking the lens into small pieces with an ultrasonically vibrating needle which is then used to aspirate the fragmented cataract. Most ophthalmic surgeons choose to carry out the standard cataract extraction because although phacoemulsification offers a more rapid rehabilitation due to smaller incisions, it requires special training and experience and expensive, complicated equipment. Once the cataract is removed, vision can be restored with strong cataract glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lens implants. Cataract glasses are the safest but produce a magnified image. Contact lenses produce more normal vision but are often difficult to handle. Intraocular lenses offer the most normal vision but are accompanied by an increased risk of complications.