Diagnostic advantages of fluoroscopic monitoring during urodynamic evaluation.

Clinical abnormalities of micturition exist in which measurements of urethral, bladder and rectal pressures, and electromyography determination do not allow a precise diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of urodynamic evaluation can be improved by the addition of fluoroscopic monitoring. It allows the detection of even small amounts of urinary leakage, the recognition of disassociation of electromyography activity of the pelvic floor musculature, the diagnosis of dysfunction of the smooth muscular urethral sphincter and the accurate localization of urethral obstruction. In our experience fluoroscopy is essential to accurate interpretation of urodynamic results.