The electron-transport chains of the obligate methylotroph Methylophilus methylotrophus.

The cytochrome complement of Methylophilus methylotrophus and its respiratory properties were determined during batch culture and in continuous culture under conditions of methanol-, nitrogen- and O(2)-limitation. About 35% of the cytochrome c produced by the bacteria was released into the growth medium, and of the remaining cytochrome c about half was membrane-bound and half was soluble. Two cytochromes c were always present on membranes (redox potentials 375mV and 310mV), and these probably correspond to the soluble cytochromes c described previously [Cross & Anthony (1980) Biochem. J.192, 421-427]. A third minor component of cytochrome c (midpoint potential 356mV) was only detected on membranes of methanol-limited bacteria. M. methylotrophus always contained two membrane-bound cytochromes b with alpha-band absorption maxima of about 556 and 563nm (measured at room temperature) and midpoint potentials of 110 and 60mV respectively. There appeared to be relatively more of the cytochrome b(563) in methanol-limited bacteria. A third b-type cytochrome with an alpha-band absorption maximum at 558 (at 77K) reacted with CO and had a high midpoint redox potential (260mV); it is thus a potential oxidase and hence is called cytochrome o. The roles of these cytochromes in electron transport were confirmed by investigating the patterns of respiratory inhibition. It is proposed that two cytochromes are physiological oxidases: cytochrome a+a(3), which is present only in methanol-limited conditions, and the cytochrome o, which is induced 10-fold in conditions of methanol excess. Schemes for electron transport from methanol and NAD(P)H to O(2) in M. methylotrophus under various limitations are proposed. Spectra and potentiometric titrations of cytochromes in whole cells and membranes of M. methylotrophus grown under various nutrient limitations have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50111 (10 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.