Activation of skinned arthropod muscle fibres by Ca2+ and Sr2+.

Mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres of three crustaceans (barnacle, crayfish and crab) and two insects (cockroach and cricket) were activated in Ca2+- and Sr2+-buffered solutions of different concentrations and the isometric force response was determined. The maximum force response induced by Sr2+ (P0Sr) was only 0-10% of that induced by Ca2+ (P0Ca) in all crustacean muscles, but approached 90% in insects. Experiments on barnacle muscle fibres activated simultaneously by Ca2+ and Sr2+ suggested that Sr2+ competes with Ca2+ for binding onto the regulatory sites without, however, being able to turn all of them 'on' as efficiently as Ca2+. Interestingly, the ratio P0Sr/P0Ca and the sensitivity for both Sr2+ and Ca2+ increased substantially after 4-6 h following the dissection of the animals in most intact decapod muscle fibres and after 24 h in most barnacle muscle fibres. The steepness of the activation curves for both Ca2+ and Sr2+ was similar for each muscle regardless of the age of the fibre and implied that more than 2 Ca2+ (2 Sr2+) were involved in the activation process of each muscle. A Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism of physiological importance was found to operate in all arthropod muscle fibres investigated.