Analytical study of microsomes and isolated subcellular membranes from rat liver. VII. Distribution of protein-bound sialic acid.

Detailed investigations by quantitative centrifugal fractionation were conducted to determine the subcellular distribution of protein-bound sialic acid in rat liver. Homogenates obtained from perfused livers were fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear fraction, large granules, microsomes, and final supernate fraction, or were used to isolate membrane preparations enriched in either plasma membranes or Golgi complex elements. Large granule fractions, microsome fractions, and plasma membrane preparations were subfractionated by density equilibration in linear gradients of sucrose. In some experiments, microsomes or plasma membrane preparations were treated with digitonin before isopycnic centrifugation to better distinguish subcellular elements related to the plasma membrane or the Golgi complex from the other cell components; in other experiments, large granule fractions were obtained from Triton WR-1339-loaded livers, which effectively resolve lysosomes from mitochondria and peroxisomes in density gradient analysis. Protein-bound sialic acid and marker enzymes were assayed in the various subcellular fractions. The distributions obtained show that sialoglycoprotein is restricted to some particular domains of the cell, which include the plasma membrane, phagolysosomes, and possibly the Golgi complex. Although sialoglycoprotein is largely recovered in the microsome fraction, it has not been detected in the endoplasmic reticulum-derived elements of this subcellular fraction. In addition, it has not been detected either in mitochondria or in peroxisomes. Because the sialyltransferase activities are associated with the Golgi complex, the cytoplasm appears compartmentalized into components which biogenetically involve the Golgi apparatus and components which do not.