Late results of ankle fusion.

Forty-four ankle joint fusions performed in the period 1950-1972 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Malmö General Hospital, were evaluated. Thirty-one patients were re-examined. The mean follow-up time was 12.3 years (6.4-28 years). Two-thirds of the patients were much better or better than before operation, but still a lot of problems existed. Two-thirds of the patients had some kind of pain localized to the subtalar region. Three out of four patients had to use special footwear. The rate of forefoot deformities was not increased. In conclusion, patients with ankle fusion often have persistent trouble; therefore technical and clinical development of total ankle joint replacement seems to be indicated.