Mammalian brain alkaline phosphatase: expression of liver/bone/kidney locus. Comparison of fetal and adult activities.

The alkaline phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.1) are determined by at least three gene loci, which can be sharply distinguished one from another by their sensitivity to inhibition with various amino acids and peptides and by thermostability. Alkaline phosphatase is present in the brains of guinea pig, rat, mouse, hamster, squirrel, rabbit, cat, sheep, cow, tamarin, baboon, and man. The gene locus coding for alkaline phosphatase in all these brains is the liver/bone/kidney locus, as indicated by thermostability studies and by inhibition studies with L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, and L-phenylalanylglycylglycine. The average brain alkaline phosphatase activity is about 35% of the average for the livers and only 7.2% and 4.4% of the average kidney and placental activities, respectively. During growth and development, brain alkaline phosphatase activity decreases in the mammals studied. The amount of change is tissue- and species-dependent.