Electrophysiological studies of autism: the whisper of the bang.

Many neurophysiological hypotheses have focused upon the level of the central nervous system at which abnormal neural function may be present. Although some have argued that the type of language and cognitive defects shown by autistic children almost certainly reflects forebrain dysfunctions, current studies point to the possibility that some autistic children may have dysfunction of neural systems in the brainstem. One interpretation of these findings is that such abnormalities, occurring during a critical phase of early postnatal development, might themselves have acted directly as neuropathological agents, adversely influencing developing forebrain systems. A model for such an event has already been identified in animal research. If this be true, neurobiologists may not necessarily be identifying what is current pathology but may only be seeing a reflection of abnormal neural factors that once were important in development of the syndrome. Such a possibility suggests that investigators should consider extending their current studies to include young normal children as well as children with prototypic signs of abnormal language and interpersonal development.