Pediatricians and general practitioners: a comparison of the management of children with febrile illness.

To assess the relative competence of pediatricians and general practitioners in managing febrile illnesses in childhood, a prospective study was undertaken of 259 children less than 10 years of age seen consecutively at the emergency room of a children's hospital and a general hospital. Both groups of patients were similar in demographic characteristics, age, sex, presenting complaints, and height and duration of fever. Of the 148 patients entered in the study at children's hospital and the 111 at general hospital, 90% and 94%, respectively, were interviewed by telephone within two weeks of their emergency room visit to determine outcomes based on duration of the acute illness episode and further physician contacts or admissions to hospital. Although no significant differences in the measured outcomes of febrile illnesses seen by pediatricians or general practitioners were found, a trend in favor of those cared for by pediatricians was discernible with respect to two key measures: unresolved symptoms at one week (8.3% vs 12.5%) and subsequent hospitalization (0.8% vs 3.0%). The overall frequency of laboratory use and antibiotic prescriptions was the same in both groups; however, significant differences were noted in the type of laboratory test used: general practitioners ordered three times more roentgenograms than pediatricians and one fifth the number of microbiologic tests. Larger prospective studies are needed to test how these findings may be generalized in view of their importance for quality assurance in the primary care of children.