Differential effect of pentobarbital on chick neurons and astrocytes grown in culture.

Primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes prepared from brains of 8-day-old and 15-day-old chick embryos. respectively, were grown for periods between 3 and 23 days. Cellular oxygen consumption was measured at various times in the presence of either pyruvate or succinate as substrate. Neuronal oxygen consumption was significantly higher than glial respiration, irrespective of the substrate employed. Dose-response curves for the effect of pentobarbital on respiratory activity of each cell type were constructed with the two substrates. In the presence of succinate neuronal respiration was more sensitive to pentobarbital than that of glial cells with a shift in the dose-effect curve by at least one order of magnitude. In the presence of pyruvate, glial cell respiration was inhibited at pentobarbital concentrations more than ten times lower than those effective in neurons. It is concluded that the differential sensitivity to pentobarbital between neurons and glia is due to differences in their respective energy metabolism.