Computed tomography of renal inflammatory disease.

The value of computed tomography (CT) in patients with severe renal inflammatory disease has not been previously emphasized. This paper presents the authors' experience using this modality in 17 patients with acute intrarenal inflammatory conditions. A spectrum of various renal abnormalities and their CT appearance ranging from lobar nephronia (focal pyelonephritis) to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is presented. These cases demonstrate that CT provides more precise anatomic information than does urography and is helpful in distinguishing uncomplicated patterns of renal infection from other types of renal inflammatory disease. In this way, patients who may be managed medically can be differentiated from those who require surgical intervention.