Flash kinetic study of the last steps in the photoinduced reaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin.

The reaction cycle of light adapted bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in aqueous purple membrane suspensions was studied by laser flash photolysis at different temperatures (2--49 degrees C) and pH values (3--10). The activation energy for several reaction steps was determined at pH 7.6. The kinetics of O-bacteriorhodopsin (one of the last intermediates in the cycle) were analyzed in some detail and it was found that the simple consecutive reaction scheme M-BR leads to O-BR leads to BR may explain the kinetics of O-bacteriorhodopsin as measured at 680 nm. Since the pH change in neutral aqueous suspensions of purple membrane follows similar kinetics as O-bacteriorhodopsin it is suggested that protons are released during the reaction M-BR leads to O-BR and taken up again during the reacton O-BR leads to BR. Another long-lived intermediate, which absorbs to a greater extent than bacteriorhodopsin at 570 nm and less than bacteriorhodopsin at 420 nm, was identified with the strongly fluorescing species, pseudo- or P-bacteriorhodopsin. The decay of P-bacteriorhodopsin in bacteriohodopsin had an activation energy of only approx. 1.2 kcal/mol, which suggests that the last step of the photocycle is a relaxation around a single bond. At pH 9--10, the simple first-order kinetics of all the intermediates were changed into a kinetics consisting of two first-order decays. This change of kinetics was accompanied by a drastic decrease in the rotational diffusion relaxation time. To explain the results obtained in this work and those of others, a model involving proton uptake and release by the Schiff base nitrogen combined with an isomerization reaction is finally proposed.