Intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography in neurosurgery.

The authors' experience with the intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography during 21 neurosurgical procedures is reported. These procedures include neoplasm surgery in 18 cases, treatment of an arteriovenous malformation in one case, and ventricular catheter placement for hydrocephalus in two cases. In each of the neoplasm cases, the tumors were imaged just as well through the intact dura as on the brain surface itself. There were no cases in which the pathology could not easily be identified. The use of portable intraoperative ultrasonography in sterile coverings has proven to be extremely useful in localizing small subcortical neoplasms, as well as locating the solid and cystic portions of deep lesions. It has assisted in guiding needles for both biopsy and aspiration. It has also accurately identified and guided Silastic catheters during their placement in the ventricular system in cases of hydrocephalus. The authors have found real-time ultrasonography to be an important new tool in the operating room and will continue to rely on its imaging ability during selected procedures in the future.