| Literature DB >> 7075194 |
G Huggins, M Vessey, R Flavel, D Yeates, K McPherson.
Abstract
By the end of 1980, 5729 singleton planned pregnancies, 1552 singleton unplanned pregnancies, and 81 multiple pregnancies had been observed among the 17032 participants in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. The outcome of these pregnancies was investigated in relation to the use of vaginal spermicides. There was some suggestion that spermicide use might have a small adverse effect on the risk of congenital malformations, especially among infants conceived as a result of contraceptive failure. There was not, however, any evidence of any other adverse effect of spermicide use. In particular, the results provide strong evidence against the hypothesis that spermicide use has any appreciable effect on the risk of spontaneous abortion.Entities:
Keywords: Abortion, Spontaneous; Cohort Analysis; Condom; Congenital Abnormalities; Contraception; Contraception Failure; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptive Usage; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Diseases; England; Epidemiologic Methods; Europe; Family Planning; Fertility; Fetal Death; Iud; Neonatal Diseases And Abnormalities; Nonoxynol; Northern Europe; Oral Contraceptives; Population; Population Dynamics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcomes; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Pregnancy, Multiple; Pregnancy, Planned; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Reproduction; Reproductive Behavior; Research Methodology; Scotland; Spermicidal Contraceptive Agents; United Kingdom; Vaginal Diaphragm
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Year: 1982 PMID： 7075194 DOI： 10.1016/0010-7824(82)90045-2
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Contraception ISSN： 0010-7824 Impact factor: 3.375