What are the metabolic complications of diuretic treatment?

Severe volume depletion from diuresis can produce potentially life-threatening hypotension, coronary and cerebral insufficiency, and significant renal impairment. Appropriate precautions include initiating diuretics at low doses and monitoring patients closely. Metabolic alkalosis, another frequent side effect of diuretic therapy, can usually be diagnosed by near absence of chloride in the urine. Corrective agents used include potassium chloride and sodium chloride.