Current concepts in equine degenerative joint disease.

Current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of equine degenerative joint disease are presented on the basis of recently acquired experimental and clinical knowledge. A number of concepts of pathogenesis need modification and the rationale of some of the newer treatments requires definition. Synovitis and other soft tissue changes are important components of the pathogenesis in addition to direct trauma to the articular cartilage. Loss of glycosaminoglycans constitutes an important biochemical "lesion" in the articular cartilage, making it weak and susceptible to trauma. Recognition of these early changes and appropriate treatment of them are important. Treatment methods include physical therapy, use of anti-inflammatory drugs, joint lavage, sodium hyaluronate, and synovectomy. When there are cartilage and bony changes, the use of articular cartilage curettage, osteophyte removal, radiation therapy, and surgical arthrodesis remain appropriate in some cases. Studies continue to develop agents capable of promoting the synthesis of the important biochemical components of the articular cartilage and its subsequent healing.