Axoplasmic transport in ocular hypotony and papilledema in the monkey.

Orthograde and retrograde axoplasmic transport were studied in optic nerve heads of seven hypotensive Macaca fascicularis eyes. Orthograde transport was studied by radioautography after intravitreal radioisotope injections. Retrograde transport was studied in the same eyes by horseradish peroxidase injection into the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei or optic tracts. Three eyes had developed marked papilledema before injections. Orthograde axoplasmic transport was blocked in swollen axons of the optic disc anterior to Bruch membrane and in the lamina scleralis. Retrograde transport was blocked in axons within the lamina scleralis along the posterior edges of transverse scleral beams and in axons in the choroidal portion of the nerve head posterior to Bruch membrane. These results support the general concept that axoplasmic transport in the optic nerve head is sensitive to alterations in intraocular pressure, either increases or decreases. The edges of Bruch membrane and the openings in the lamina scleralis may constrict axon bundles in ocular hypotony.