Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of ribosomal protein and ribonucleic acid polymerase genes.

A partial restriction of ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity has been used to dissociate the coordinate synthesis of ribosomal proteins and subunits of RNA polymerase and to identify transcriptional and post-transcriptional control signals which regulate the expression of these component genes. Within the beta operon [which has the genetic organization: promoter (p beta), rplJ (L10), r;lL (L7/L12), attenuator, rpoB (beta), rpoC (beta'), terminator], the restriction caused a disproportionate increase between proximal and distal gene transcriptions; the transcriptional intensities of the proximal ribosomal protein genes and the distal RNA polymerase genes were elevated about two- and fourfold, respectively. Transcription within the operon containing four ribosomal protein genes and the RNA polymerase alpha gene was also enhanced, whereas transcription within operons containing only ribosomal protein genes was virtually unaffected by the restriction. It was thus concluded that the mechanisms controlling transcription initiation or attenuation or both in operons containing RNA polymerase subunit genes are coupled to the global rate of RNA synthesis. By introducing the composite ColE1 plasmid pJC701 carrying the proximal portion of the L10 operon, including the beta subunit gene, it was possible to achieve a 10- and a 30-fold range in the transcriptional intensities of the genes specifying L10 and L7/L12 and beta, respectively. Under these conditions, the relative synthesis rates of L7/L12 and beta protein varied by less than 2-fold and by about 15-fold, respectively. These observations corroborate the existence of a post-transcriptional mechanism which severely restricts translation of excess L7/L12 and L10 ribosomal protein messenger RNA; this mechanism is probably important in maintaining the balanced synthesis of ribosome components under conditions in which their messenger RNA levels are dissociated. Furthermore, the observed reduction in the translation efficiency of beta subunit messenger RNA may be related to an inhibitory effect caused by accumulation of RNA polymerase assembly intermediates.