History and evolution of peptic ulcer surgery.

The development of peptic ulcer surgery is traced from 1881 and Billroth until the present. Discussion of the physiologic basis for gastric resection, the several types of vagotomy, and antrectomy is presented as conceived by the surgeons who originated these operations. Treatment of the complications of peptic ulcer surgery is discussed as well as the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.