The historical evolution of arthrodesis of the foot.

Arthrodesis is the term coined by Albert for the operation whose purpose is to induce ankylosis of a joint by denuding it of cartilage. Whereas arthrodesis of the foot was initially used for paralytic conditions, its use has progressively widened. Numerous modifications of the original procedure have been developed, and with increasing experience the indications for each type of arthrodesis has been more clearly defined. Basic principles have emerged: a) To apply arthrodesis of the foot to stabilise joints, to correct deformity, to eliminate joint disease and pain: b) To limit arthrodesis to the minimum number of joints; c) To denude the articular surfaces congruently in order to enhance ankylosis; d) To add, where indicated, either bone grafting to enhance fusion or tendon transfer to prevent recurrent deformity.