Technological problems of spinal cord stimulation systems: a clinical perspective.

Technological problems of spinal cord stimulation, from the clinician's standpoint are the topics of this review of a round table discussion. Surgical aspects of spinal cord stimulation system implant procedures are reviewed. Safety and reliability of the methods and systems are discussed. Problems with durability and fixation of epidural electrodes are reported, and solutions are sought from the continued interaction of clinicians and biomedical engineers in the future development of methods and systems.