Contamination and crossinfection with Clostridium difficile in an intensive care unit.

An outbreak of pseudomembranous colitis in an intensive care unit is described. This resulted in environmental contamination by Clostridium difficile. The outbreak could be traced to one patient who received several antibiotics over the preceding three months. A search was conducted for asymptomatic carriers among patient and staff but none were found. Aquisition of C. difficile from inanimate environmental sources was the most probable means of transmission of the organism. Its persistence in the hospital environment for several weeks, most likely as spores, suggests that patients who develop pseudomembranous colitis should be isolated, especially in areas of high antibiotic usage.