Properties of an acid phosphatase in pulmonary surfactant.

Lung surfactant, a lipid-protein complex purified from dog lungs, contains a highly active phosphomonoesterase associated with it. This phosphatase is quite specific for the hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid and 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidic acid. The enzyme possesses many of the characteristics of the microsomal enzyme, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4). In addition, we have shown that this enzyme will also convert phosphatidylglycerol phosphate [1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol-1-P] to phosphatidylglycerol [1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol] and Pi. The phosphatidylglycerol phosphate was made available to the surfactant enzyme in a coupled assay by hydrolysis of cardiolipin [1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol] by stereospecific cleavage with phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) from Bacillus cereus. This enzyme has been previously shown to generate the naturally occurring isomer of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate because it has specificity for the 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) group of cardiolipin. Other properties of the surfactant enzyme are discussed in relation to its presence in lung surface active material.