Cold-sensitive nuclear division arrest mutants of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Thirteen recessive cold sensitive nuclear division arrest mutants were isolated from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Twelve unlinked genes were defined; six in chromosome I, three in chromosome II and two in chromosome III. The map positions of three nuclear division arrest genes (nda1, nda2 and nda3) in chromosome II were determined precisely. Together with the previously obtained temperature-sensitive cell division cycle mutations, at least 20 genes appear to control the nuclear division of the fission yeast. Physiological studies indicated that most cold sensitive nda mutants incubated previously at 22 degrees C proceeded with a synchronously normal cell-cycle after temperature shift-up. The morphology of the nuclei and nuclear chromatin region was studied by the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining method and by electron microscopy. Each mutant exhibited characteristic nuclear morphology at 22 degrees C, showing the specific blockages. The nda genes seem to control a pathway of structural alterations in the nuclear chromatin region with the order hemisphere, condensed ellipsoid, segregating U-form and separating hemispheres. Two genes, nda2 and nda3, pleiotropically control nuclear division, nuclear location and cell shape. The terminal phenotype of nda2-KM52 is characterized by the nuclear displacement, the absence of a spindle and abnormal locations of spindle pole bodies. The cells of nda3-KM311 were aberrant in shape and contained a partially separated chromatin region with a long spindle. Together with the results of the accompanying paper, we conclude that nda2 and nda3 genes control nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubular organization.