Studies on the mechanism of thrombin. Interaction with fibrin.

Fibrin monomer Sepharose was used to investigate the interactions of thrombin with fibrin. Thrombin binding was found to be reversible and saturable and to depend on the thrombin: fibrin ratio. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites with K alpha = 4.9 X 10(5) M-1. Ca2+ ions caused rapid desorption and elution of thrombin from fibrin monomer, and the Ca2+ concentration needed for maximal desorption depended on the fibrin:thrombin ratio. Mg2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+ also released thrombin from fibrin monomer but not as efficiently as Ca2+. These results indicate that divalent metal ions induce a physical change in fibrin monomer which results in desorption of thrombin. Thrombin binding to fibrin in a gel was compared to binding to fibrin monomer. These studies showed that as fibrin monomers polymerize to form the gel network, thrombin is released. Under static conditions the released thrombin remains associated with the gel because diffusion is limited by the gel. However, the thrombin can be readily removed when buffer is allowed to flow through the gel. These results lead to the possibility that thrombin binding to fibrin monomer and its subsequent release, either by Ca2+ or by polymerization, may have important consequences for regulating the effective thrombin concentration in vivo.