Infant crying and stability in the mother-infant relationship: a systems analysis.

Mother-infant interaction was studied using a general systems theory framework. 20 mother-infant pairs were observed in their home for a 7-hour period when the infants were 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age. A measurement procedure was devised to assess, for each pair, the consistency over weeks in their allocation of time to 4 interactional contexts that make up the day: feeding, changing or bathing, social attention, and baby alone. The measure was called an Interactional Stability Score. Construct validity for this measure was investigated based on our hypothesis that high interactional stability would be strongly linked to low levels of crying during social attention. This hypothesis was confirmed. The results are interpreted within a general systems theory perspective--namely, that this measure of interactional stability is an empirical indicator of the degree of equilibrium within the relationship, at the level of patterning of interactional contexts. High stability scores represent consistency in allocation of time to the 4 contexts over weeks and not a rigidity in sequencing of these contexts, and thus appeared to reflect a dynamic process of mutual constraints on the behaviors of both partners.