Pleural-pulmonary aspects of Listeria monocytogenes infection.

The most common forms of Listeria monocytogenes infection in adults are meningitis-encephalitis and sepsis. Infection of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura have rarely been reported. A case of listeria meningitis presenting with pleural space infection in an immunosuppressed patient is presented and a review of 5 additional patients with listeria infection of the respiratory tract is included. All 6 patients described in this report had L. monocytogenes infections presenting with respiratory tract symptomatology, although 4 patients subsequently had positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. It is emphasized that a culture report of 'diphtheroids' from a thoracentesis specimen should not be automatically dismissed as contamination, particularly in an immune compromised patient.