Tolerance to sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma.

A study to determine whether the bronchoconstriction induced by low concentration of sulfur dioxide in subjects with asthma decreases with repeated exposure was undertaken. Eight subjects with asthma performed 3 min of voluntary eucapnic hyperpnea with 0.5 ppm of SO2 in humidified filtered air three times at 30-min intervals and we measured specific airway resistance (SRaw) before and after each period of hyperpnea. Specific airway resistance increased significantly more after the first exposure to SO2 [(from 7.6 +/- 1.7 to 15.5 +/- 2.0 L x cm H2O/liter/sec (mean +/- SEM)] than after the second (from 8.1 +/- 1.3 to 10.8 +/- 1.6) or third (from 7.6 +/- 1.6 to 10.1 +/- 1.9) exposures (P less than 0.025). When seven subjects repeated hyperpnea with SO2 24 hr and 7 days later, SRaw increased as much as it had after the first exposure (from 8.2 +/- 2.5 to 15.5 +/- 4.5 at 24 hr and from 6.6 +/- 1.4 to 15.4 +/- 2.1 at 7 days). In four subjects repeated exposure to SO2 caused short-term inhibition of the bronchomotor response to SO2 but did not inhibit the bronchomotor response to histamine aerosol. It was concluded that repeated exposures to a low concentration of SO2 over a short period (on 1 day) can induce tolerance to the bronchomotor effects of SO2 in subjects with asthma. Tolerance to the bronchomotor effects of SO2 is not caused by decreased responsiveness of airway smooth muscle or a generalized decrease in the responsiveness of vagal reflex pathways since the bronchomotor response to histamine is preserved.