Management of regional lymph nodes and their prognostic influence in vulvar cancer.

One hundred thirteen patients with invasive carcinoma of the vulva underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy between 1957 and 1978. Eighteen had unilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thirty-one patients (27.4%) had positive lymph nodes. The corrected actuarial five-year survival for patients with negative nodes was 96%, whereas it was 94% for patients with one positive node, 80% for those with two positive nodes, and 12% for those with three or more positive nodes. All patients with positive pelvic nodes or pelvic recurrence had three or more positive unilateral groin nodes, and all had palpably suspicious groin nodes preoperatively. Groin and systemic recurrences occurred in 2.9 and 3.8%, respectively, of patients with fewer than three positive unilateral inguinal-femoral nodes, as compared to 33 and 66%, respectively, of patients with three or more positive nodes. These data do not support routine pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients who have no clinically suspicious groin nodes and fewer than three positive nodes on histologic examination.