Anergy in high-risk surgical patients: the role of parenteral nutrition.

The finding of delayed hypersensitivity on skin testing has been used to predict the outcome following operations, traumas or severe illnesses and has been correlated with nutritional status in some reports. To test these hypotheses, we did weekly skin tests with a battery of four antigens on 98 high-risk patients referred to the nutritional support service. Anergy persisted or developed in 72 patients, whereas 26 patients remained or became reactive. These two groups were comparable in number of days in hospital, age and amount and duration of parenteral nutrition. Infectious complications (68 percent versus 23 percent, P<.001), sepsis (35 percent versus 12 percent, P<.01) and mortality (33 percent versus 0 percent, P<.001) were more prevalent in anergic than in reactive patients. There was no correlation between nitrogen balance studies and skin test results. In most instances conversion of skin test results occurred as a consequence of appropriate surgical care rather than nutritional support. Whereas nutritional support is required in these high-risk patients, anergy should not be the sole indicator for giving nutritional support or delaying an operation.