Structure-activity relationship of retinoids in fetal rat bone cultures.

The structure-activity relationship of 29 retinoids was investigated in fetal rat bone organ cultures. Retinoids induced the release of proteoglycan followed by cartilage tissue breakdown. In this study the loss of RNA was used as a parameter for cartilage resorption. During 6 days of incubation RNA decreased up to 80% in presence of active retinoids. Thus the ED40 was determined from dose-response curves of the various retinoids. The new compounds, called arotinoids, which contained the retinoic acid carbon skeleton in a fixed cisoid geometric conformation, were up to 200 times more active than all-trans-beta-retinoic acid. The most active compound contained a tetramethylated tetralin ring and a second aromatic ring in the side chain. Several lines of evidence indicated that the carboxylic acid end group was essential for the activity of retinoids in fetal bone cultures. The new, highly active retinoids described here might be an excellent tool to investigate whether the retinoid action is mediated by specific cellular retinoid binding proteins.