Facilitated diffusion of lactic acid in the guinea-pig placenta.

In the guinea-pig placenta which was artificially perfused on the fetal side while maternal placental blood flow was controlled, the placental transfer per mean transplacental concentration difference (the transfer coefficient TC) was determined for lactate. TC for L-lactate (TCLL) was compared to that for D-lactate (TCDL) and measured for various concentrations of L-lactate, bicarbonate, pyruvate and CO2. Applying a "closed circuit" perfusion technique, L-lactate and proton concentrations on both sides of the placenta were followed during infusion of HCl and sodium L-lactate into the fetal circulation. It was found that TCLL is 3 times TCDL. TCLL is depressed by increasing concentrations of L-lactate while TC for Cl-36 is not. TCLL is also depressed by 50 mmol.1-1 pyruvate. Concentration changes of glucose do not affect TCLL. TCLL rises with the proton concentration, independently of the concomitant changes of the bicarbonate concentration. Transplacental proton concentration gradients produce L-lactate concentration gradients and vice versa. It is concluded that (1) facilitated diffusion of L-lactate occurs in the placenta and that (2) L-lactate transfer is coupled with proton transfer. Beside the well-known placental transport system for glucose this is the second passive transport system found in a placenta.