Alternative indications for external fixation according to Wagner.

Wagner's technique of external fixation was originally developed for limb-lengthening procedures. With its one-dimensional configuration and great stability, however, it is also highly suitable for application to the upper extremity and thigh for other purposes and several alternative applications are described. The more important indications are infected defect-pseudarthroses of the femur, temporary immobilization of the knee-joint, and 'unmanageable' fractures of the distal radius.