Fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephaloceles: morphology and treatment.

Twenty-five cases of fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephaloceles have been studied. The relationship to other sincipital meningoencephaloceles is explored. In all cases the exit holes from the anterior cranial fossa are at the site of the foramen caecum. The facial component of the defect determines the sub-classification: naso-frontal, naso-ethmoidal and naso-orbital. The cranio-facial deformity may consist of hypertelorism, orbital dystopia, elongation of the face and dental malocclusion. These reflect the distorting influence of the extruded intracranial contents on facial growth. Early removal of the meningoencephalocele by the cranio-facial route is recommended to allow normal growth forces to be re-established. In older patients with established deformities translocation of the orbits may be necessary.