Repressive coping reactions in patients with malignant melanoma as compared to cardiovascular disease patients.

Previous research has indicated that repressive styles of coping with stressful emotions may be associated with higher cancer incidence and poorer prognosis. Other studies have suggested that coronary-prone and cancer-prone individuals may be at opposite poles on the distributions of several coping and personality variables. In order to investigate whether these differences could be reflected in a measure that integrated psychological and physiological processes, the present study compared the repressive coping reactions of malignant melanoma patients to matched cardiovascular disease patients and disease-free controls (N of 20 in each group). Repressive coping reactions were operationally defined as the discrepancy between reported anxiety and that shown physiologically (electrodermal activity) in response to anxiety-provoking statements in an experimental procedure. The concurrent validity of this procedure was established through correlations with other indices of repressive tendencies which were administered to all subjects. Analysis of variance showed that the melanoma group was significantly more 'repressed' on these measures, while the cardiovascular disease patients were the least repressed or most sensitized. These differences in defensive posture were independent of disease severity, which suggested that they were not merely artifacts of differences in disease-related anxiety.