Depressive psychopathology in male sleep apneics.

Depression has been reported to be frequent in sleep apnea syndromes. In a sample of 25 consecutive male sleep apneics, 40% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for an affective disorder or for alcohol abuse. A multiple regression analysis indicated that 61% of the variance in depression ratings could be explained by four variables: age, REM activity, REM latency (square root), and presence or absence of antihypertensive medications (multiple R = 0.78). The use of these variables in a discriminant function analysis correctly predicted the membership of 68% of the sample in either a low or high depression group (kappa = 0.44; p less than .01). These findings are reviewed in relation to other research on age-related sleep changes and vulnerability to depression.