Ultrasound elicits tonic responses and diminishes the phasic responses to adequate stimuli in thread-hair mechanoreceptors of Acheta domesticus.

Single mechanoreceptor cells in filiform hair sensilla on the cercus of Acheta domesticus were stimulated adequately by steplike deflections in their plane of least restraint and inadequately by ultrasound. Ultrasound was fed either into the cercus or into the thread-hair as substrate-borne sound of 110-120 kHz. The receptor responds to deflections of the thread-hair (adequate stimuli) with phasic receptor potentials which can be picked up transepithelially . These responses can be either depolarizing (excitatory responses) or hyperpolarizing (inhibitory responses). Ultrasound applied simultaneously or shortly preceding the adequate stimulus reduces both kinds of responses in a graded way. The receptor can respond to ultrasound alone. At small intensities the responses are predominantly inhibitory; with increasing intensity they may become excitatory. In both cases the responses to ultrasound are tonic and do not reach the peak responses to saturating adequate stimuli. The "off-effect", which follows adequate stimuli and leads to inhibitory responses after excitatory stimuli and vice versa, typically does not occur or is excitatory at the end of sonication. The observed effects of sonication are totally reversible. The correlation between transepithelial voltage, spike frequencies and spike amplitudes in the unsonicated and sonicated sensilla allows the responses to be attributed to sonication to the same conductance, which is also modulated by adequate stimuli. A model is discussed, according to which ultrasound exerts its effects by facilitating dissipative relaxation in the dendritic membrane, which is assumed to be involved in stimulus-energy transfer.