Physical fitness prospects in the elderly.

Approximately 44% of the population over age 65 has some degree of physical disability; the prevalence increases with age, particularly for women. Methods for measuring functional activity in the elderly have been reported for approximately 25 years, but there is disagreement and ambiguity about the purposes and circumstances of measurement. A summary of a panel report of the 1981 National Conference of Fitness and Aging includes major pathophysiologic changes associated with aging and beneficial physiologic effects of exercise in the elderly. Studies substantiate the beneficial effects of physical exercise and rhythmic and movement therapy. Physical fitness programs impact on the restoration and preservation of health, particularly in the geriatric population. Physicians should take the initiative in establishing guidelines for these programs to ensure their timeliness and appropriateness.